The options in a PC for removeable media are pretty straight forward. The common media types to take data with you are as follows:
- 3.5” Floppy
- CD
- DVD
- Blu-Ray
- USB Drive
- Micro Flash Cards
3.5” Floppy
This has gone obsolete several years ago, and the media is no longer made, however, it is still prevalent in a lot of government agencies still such as a lot of Education Departments that I thought it important enough to list. The 3.5” floppy is a a hard cased 3.5” media platter that can hold 1.44MB of data. This was the gold standard of its time. Cheap, reliable, and easy to transport. This is now concidered legacy and even external USB connected 3.5” floppy drives are hard to come by to read these. No manufacture makes these anymore. Drive support stopped in 2010 for this type of media and for home based computers this technology is effectively dead.
CD (Compact Disc)
The CD replaced the 3.5 inch floppy and is still in limited use today. The CD comes in a variety of types. Below is a general list of CD types:
CD
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Read Only Disc, Typically Software came on
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CD-R / CD+R
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CD that could be recorded up to the capacity of the CD.
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CD RW
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CD that could be Rewritten several times up to the capacity of the CD
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The “-” denoted single session burning, meaning after the CD was burned it could not be written to anymore. The “+” denoted multiple session burning up to the capacity of the CD. meaning you could write to it several times.
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The CD capacity was up to roughly 600MB which was a great improvement over the 3.5 floppy. And the media lasted a lot longer than the floppy, it could actually be used for archival purposes.
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
The DVD format came out and it quickly replaced the CD as the go to media as the price came down. The DVD followed the same naming convention at the CD, so you had DVD, DVD+/-R, DVD RW. Storage Capacity goes up to 4.7GB on a single disc and a dual layer format came out that nearly doubled that to 8.5GB. These just like the CD have become the go to media for archival of data for long term storage.
Blu-Ray
This is the latest of the Disc based media formats to come out, these discs can hold a huge amount of data for archival purposes. Blu-rays hold up to 50GB of data and as price comes down they are becoming the standard in long term data archiving.
USB Drives
These drives are becoming the standard method to hold, and carry files for day to day use. Form factors range from external drives that can hold up to 2TB of data and fit in your back pocket to drives that are the size of your thumb, (“Thumb” Drives) to drives the size of your thumbnail, just slightly bigger than the USB plug itself. Overall you can find drives typically from 2GB up to over 100GB easily. They are fast, easy to use, require no special software to write to them and are ultra portable for the amount of data they can hold. The only downside to these is as far as archival purposes these have lifespans that are short and have a much higher failure rate than the disc based media for archiving but for quick transport and to have files with you when needed the USB Drive excels.
Micro Flash Cards
These similar to the USB drives however they require a special reader/adaptor to be able to have the work on a computer. These have different configurations such as SD, MicroSD, Compact Flash, MS Pro and others not so popular. The sizes range from 16MB to 100+GB of data as far as their capacities go. These are for portable devices such as phones, cameras and the like. The main purpose for these is to either give or expand storage space for those devices. But make they are removable to ease the transfer of the data from device to device when you have the adaptor. Typically a multi card reader can be had for cheap and covers the gambit of these types of cards.
I hope this helps explain the various types of removable media that can be used on PC today, and gives you enough detail to choose the appropriate media for your task.